The collaboration and transfer of technology and equipment for processing aquatic by-products not only address environmental pollution but also create valuable products, enhancing economic efficiency for businesses.
For decades, Vietnam has been one of the world’s leading seafood exporters, with an annual export turnover averaging between 8.4 and 8.8 billion USD. The seafood industry supplies approximately 4.5 to 5 million tons of raw materials for processing. Among these, about 1 million tons are by-products. For instance, in pangasius fillet processing, 60–70% are by-products, while shrimp by-products account for 35–45% of the total raw shrimp weight. These by-products are increasingly being collected and processed into useful products such as animal feed, or higher-value items like collagen and ready-to-eat foods. These resources are considered an “untapped gold mine” that can be further processed to increase value, protect the environment, and optimize natural resources.
Thanks to technological applications, seafood by-products are no longer a burden but a valuable asset.
Image of fishmeal production
1. FISHMEAL PRODUCTION – A NUTRITIOUS ANIMAL FEED
Fishmeal is made from fish heads, bones, and viscera, offering a rich protein source for livestock and poultry. Modern drying, grinding, and heat treatment technologies help retain nutritional value while eliminating harmful bacteria. This product not only optimizes raw material use but also reduces the cost of imported animal feed.
2. FISH OIL – LIQUID GOLD FOR HEALTH
Fish oil is extracted from fish fat through refining processes that remove impurities and yield high omega-3 content. It is used in functional foods that support cardiovascular health and as a key ingredient in skincare and haircare cosmetics. Additionally, fish oil can be used in biofuel production, contributing to environmental protection.
Image of fish oil
3. PROCESSING CHITIN AND CHITOSAN – FUTURE BIO – MATERIALS
Shrimp and crab shells contain chitin, a natural compound that can be converted into chitosan through deacetylation. Chitosan possesses strong antibacterial properties and is applied in medicine for producing medical bandages that aid quick wound healing. It is also used in industrial wastewater treatment and the production of eco-friendly biofilms.
4. COLLAGEN AND GELATIN PRODUCTION – WIDELY APPLIED IN DAILY LIFE
Fish skin and scales are rich in collagen, which is refined into supplements that improve skin, hair, and joint health. Fish-derived gelatin has high adhesive properties and is commonly used in food industries such as gummy candies, yogurt, and canned juices. Furthermore, gelatin is a main component in capsule production, protecting active ingredients and enhancing drug absorption.
Image of collagen and gelatin production
5. DEVELOPING ORGANIC FERTILIZER – SUPPORTING SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
Fish viscera and by-products are processed using microbial fermentation to produce organic fertilizers rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which improve soil quality and increase crop yields. These bio-fertilizers decompose quickly, causing less pollution than chemical fertilizers. Additionally, using seafood-derived organic fertilizers promotes beneficial soil microbes, creating favorable conditions for robust plant growth.
Experts believe that utilizing aquatic by-products not only boosts economic value but also reduces environmental pollution. However, for stronger development, the sector needs investment in technology, as well as proper collection and treatment systems to ensure hygiene and safety.
Transforming aquatic by-products into high-value products is not only a trend but a sustainable step forward. With technological support and strategic development, Vietnam’s seafood industry can maximize resource use, minimize waste, and enhance its position in the international market.